Eight Degrees of Gevurah (from JewishPartisans.org)
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Eight Degrees of Gevurah (from JewishPartisans.org)

grades:  Middle School (6-8) 

Lesson Summary:

This lesson comes from www.JewishPartisans.org

Who is a hero? We often think of them as individuals who possess incredible gifts and who are confronted with extraordinary circumstances – the ballplayer that hit the gamewinning homerun in the playoffs, the firefighter that helped to evacuate the Twin Towers, or even the Jewish partisan that rescued fellow Jews from a Nazi work camp. It would seem that heroes are far removed from our own lives and that heroism is a idea reserved for others, not ourselves.

In this lesson, Eight Degrees of Gevurah, students will explore the question “who is a hero?” and will discover various ways in which they can act heroically in their own lives. In defining heroism as possible and accessible, we bring together two frameworks, one from the Jewish tradition and another from history. The value of tzedakah, often thought of as ‘charity’, but also meaning justice or righteousness, will be explored through a study of “Maimonides’ Ladder,” a graded hierarchy of tzedakah which ranks the various ways of giving, taking into account the effects on the recipient and donor alike.

Heroic action will also be exemplified through the stories of Jewish partisans, many of whom were teenagers when they joined organized resistance groups to fight against the Nazis in World War II. This powerful juxtaposition of tzedakah and acts of heroism will help students to recognize their own roles in working for social justice and to discover that anyone has the potential to become a hero.


Enduring Understandings:

  • Young people can make a difference 
  • Stand up to tyranny, oppression, and discrimination…early 
  • Never give up 


Objectives

  • Define the words: gibor (hero), gevurah (strength/might), tzedakah (charity), and tzedek (justice/righteousness) 
  • Investigate the heroic actions of selected Jewish partisans 
  • Apply the heroic actions of selected Jewish partisans to the degrees of tzedakah on Maimonides’ Ladder
  • Identify with the heroic actions taken by various Jewish partisans
  • Express the relationship between giving and acting heroically
  • Recognize various ways in which anyone has the potential to become a hero

Be Inspired:The ideas included are offered as starting points as you and your students explore, discover and live the lessons. Be sure to elicit and encourage student and parent participation, consistently reinforcing the value being addressed. Allow lessons to authentically develop and change based on engagement and interests.


Lesson Plan Components

For the educatorJewish Thought, Text, and Traditionsmore

The Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation develops and distributes effective educational materials about the Jewish partisans, bringing the celebration of heroic resistance against tyranny into educational and cultural organizations. From their resources:

Who Are the Jewish Partisans?
par·ti·san noun: a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla

During World War II, the majority of European Jews were deceived by a monstrous and meticulous disinformation campaign. The Germans and their collaborators detained millions of Jews and forced them into camps, primarily by convincing them that they were going there to work. In reality, most Jews who entered these so-called “work camps” would be starved, murdered or worked to death. Yet approximately 30,000 Jews, many of whom were teenagers, escaped the Nazis to form or join organized resistance groups. These Jews are known as the Jewish partisans, and they joined hundreds of thousands of non-Jewish partisans who fought against the enemy throughout much of Europe.

Why Should We Learn About the Jewish Partisans?
Most students falsely believe that Jews went “like sheep to the slaughter”. They perceive the Holocaust as a piece of Jewish history only about victimization and the loss of hope. The experience of thousands of Jewish partisans who stood up to tyranny and oppression, fought courageously—and often successfully—against the Germans, and saved countless lives is an important part of Jewish history that few students are aware of. This information has the power to transform people’s perception of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, providing a clearer picture of Jewish heroism and character. After learning about the partisans, non-Jewish teens acquire a greater understanding about the Jewish people, leading to interfaith dialog and tolerance, while many Jewish teenagers often feel empowered, developing a stronger sense of Jewish identity and pride. The story of the Jewish partisans is empowering, and demonstrates how young people can make a positive difference in the world.

Why Should We Learn About the Jewish Partisans?

Most students falsely believe that Jews went “like sheep to the slaughter”. They perceive the Holocaust as a piece of Jewish history only about victimization and the loss of hope. The experience of thousands of Jewish partisans who stood up to tyranny and oppression, fought courageously—and often successfully—against the Germans, and saved countless lives is an important part of Jewish history that few students are aware of. This information has the power to transform people’s perception of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, providing a clearer picture of Jewish heroism and character. After learning about the partisans, non-Jewish teens acquire a greater understanding about the Jewish people, leading to interfaith dialog and tolerance, while many Jewish teenagers often feel empowered, developing a stronger sense of Jewish identity and pride. The story of the Jewish partisans is empowering, and demonstrates how young people can make a positive difference in the world.

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Lesson Contributors

Jewish Partisans Educational Foundation: The mission of JPEF is to develop and distribute effective educational materials about the Jewish partisans and their life lessons, bringing the celebration of heroic resistance against tyranny into educational and cultural organizations.

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